Obtaining Signature and Handwriting Samples for Forensic Analysis

Forensic document examination plays a crucial role in determining the authorship of signatures and handwriting. One of the fundamental steps in this process is obtaining appropriate handwriting and signature samples for comparison. These samples can be categorized into two main types: requested samples and non-requested samples. Each has its own advantages and limitations, and selecting the right one can significantly impact the accuracy of the forensic analysis.

Importance of Consulting a Forensic Document Examiner

It is crucial to confer with a Forensic Document Examiner to determine where to locate suitable samples for comparison. A trained examiner can guide you in identifying the most relevant documents and ensuring that the samples obtained are valid for forensic analysis. Additionally, it is important to disclose whether the person in question has suffered any injuries, medical conditions, or is taking any medication that may have influenced their handwriting. Such factors can alter handwriting characteristics, and the Forensic Document Examiner must take these into consideration when performing the analysis.

Requested vs. Non-Requested Samples

Requested Samples

Requested samples, also known as dictated or controlled samples, are obtained under controlled conditions where the subject is asked to produce a specific writing or signature. These samples allow forensic experts to observe the writing process and ensure authenticity.

Advantages:

• The writing is contemporary and reflects the individual’s current handwriting characteristics.

• The sample can be collected multiple times to establish consistency and detect attempts at disguise.

• The conditions of writing (pen type, paper, and posture) can be controlled to match disputed documents.

Disadvantages:

• Individuals may attempt to deliberately alter their handwriting to deceive forensic analysis.

• The pressure of being observed can cause unnatural variations in writing style.

• If the individual is unavailable (deceased or uncooperative), obtaining requested samples is not an option.

Non-Requested Samples

Non-requested samples, also called collected or natural samples, are documents that were created during the normal course of an individual’s daily activities. These documents were not produced for forensic purposes and are usually more reflective of an individual's natural handwriting style.

Advantages:

• Since the writing was done under normal conditions, it is more likely to represent the individual's habitual writing style.

• The sample predates any dispute, reducing the likelihood of intentional disguise.

• A wide variety of natural samples may exist, allowing for a broader comparison.

Disadvantages:

• The quality of the samples may vary, with issues such as faded ink, paper deterioration, or poor handwriting making comparison difficult.

• It may be challenging to verify authenticity or confirm that the document was indeed written by the person in question.

• The sample may not include all letter formations or signature variations needed for comprehensive analysis.

Sources of Suitable Handwriting and Signature Samples

For forensic document analysis, it is essential to obtain samples from reliable and verifiable sources. Below are some common sources of non-requested samples:

1. Documents from the Normal Course of Business

• Financial documents such as checks, receipts, and invoices

• Legal contracts or agreements signed by the person in question

• Employment records and payroll forms

2. Handwritten Notes and Memos

• Notes taken during meetings or training sessions

• Personal journals or diaries

• Academic notes if the person was enrolled in a course

3. Official Identification Documents

• Passports

• National ID cards or driver’s licenses

• Voter registration forms

4. Records of Entry or Attendance

• Job site login sheets

• Security check-in logs

• Guest registers at hotels or events

5. Financial and Institutional Records

• Bank signature cards and account applications

• Military service records

• Insurance claim forms

6. Public and Certified Documents

• Property deeds and mortgages

• Court-certified documents

• Witness statements in legal proceedings

  
  

Obtaining proper handwriting and signature samples is a critical step in forensic document examination. Both requested and non-requested samples provide valuable insight into authorship but come with their own strengths and weaknesses. By carefully selecting appropriate sources, forensic experts can conduct thorough comparisons and reach reliable conclusions regarding the authenticity of a document. Whether resolving legal disputes, detecting forgery, or verifying identity, a well-documented and systematic approach to sample collection ensures the integrity of forensic analysis.